Grammaire anglaise

Des points de grammaire expliqués en français, pour les francophones : la règle, des exemples, les erreurs qu'on fait quand on pense en français, et quelques questions pour vérifier. D'autres leçons suivront.

Leçons en accès libre

Present perfect ou prétéritI saw ou I have seen ? La règle du moment terminé, et pourquoi le passé composé induit en erreur.
Depuis en anglais : for, since et agoFor devant une durée, since devant un point de départ, et le present perfect qui va avec.
Present simple ou present continuousI work ou I'm working ? Habitude ou action en cours, et les verbes d'état.

Le programme de Copybook, de A1 à C2

Dans l'application, 404 leçons dans l'ordre où on les apprend, chacune suivie de ses exercices. Les titres sont en anglais, comme les leçons.

A1Débutant53 leçons

Temps du présent

am/is/are
am/is/are (questions)
am/is/are

Noms et articles

a/an ...
train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)
a/an and some

Pronoms et déterminants

I/me he/him they/them etc. (subject and object pronouns)
my/his/their etc. (possessive adjectives)
this/that/these/those

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

there is / there are
It ... (it's raining, it's late, it's easy to ...)

Temps du présent

I do/work/like etc. (present simple)
I don't ... (present simple negative)
Do you ... ? (present simple questions)
I do/work/like (present simple)
I am doing (present continuous)
are you doing? (present continuous questions)
I am doing (present continuous)
I am doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple)
I am doing and I do (present continuous and present simple)
I have ... and I've got ...
have got

Questions et auxiliaires

is it ... ? have you ... ? do they ... ? etc. (questions 1)

Modaux et impératif

can and could
can and could
Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this! (imperative)
Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this!
Would you like ... ? I'd like ...

Quantifieurs

some and any
some · any · no · none

Adjectifs et adverbes

old/nice/interesting etc. (adjectives)

Questions et auxiliaires

be/have/do in present and past tenses
Regular and irregular verbs
be/have/do and regular/irregular verbs (verb forms)

Temps du passé

was/were
worked/got/went etc. (past simple)
I didn't ... Did you ... ? (past simple negative and questions)
was/were and I worked/got/went (past)
I was doing (past continuous)
I was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple)
I was doing and I did (past continuous and past simple)
I do / I am doing and I did / I was doing (present and past, simple and continuous)

Le futur

What are you doing tomorrow? (present tenses for the future)
What are you doing tomorrow? (the future: present tenses)
I'm going to ...
I'm going to do
will/shall 1
will/shall 2
will/shall

Modaux et impératif

might
might

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

there was/were, there has/have been, there will be
there and it

A2Élémentaire71 leçons

Modaux et impératif

must mustn't don't need to
must mustn't don't need to
should
should
I have to ...
I have to

Temps du passé

I used to ...
I used to

Present perfect

I have done (present perfect 1)
I've just ... I've already ... I haven't ... yet (present perfect 2)
Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3)
I have done (present perfect)
How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
for since ago
How long have you ... ? (present perfect questions)
I have done (present perfect) and I did (past)
I have done and I did (present perfect and past simple)
I do / I have done / I did (present, present perfect and past)

Questions et auxiliaires

Who saw you? Who did you see? (questions 2, subject/object)
Who is she talking to? What is it like? (questions 3, prepositions at the end)
What ... ? Which ... ? How ... ? (questions 4)
How long does it take ... ?
is it ... ? · have you ... ? · do they ... ?
I am, I don't etc. (short answers, avoiding repetition)
Have you? Are you? Don't you? etc. (reply questions)
too/either so am I / neither do I etc.
isn't, haven't, don't etc. (negatives)
I do · do you? · so do I · I don't

Pronoms et déterminants

Whose is this? It's mine/yours etc. (possessive pronouns)
I/me/my/mine (all pronoun forms together)
I · me · my · mine · myself
myself/yourself/themselves etc. (reflexive pronouns, each other)
-'s (Kate's camera / my brother's car) (possessive 's)
Kate's camera
one/ones

Noms et articles

a bottle / some water (countable/uncountable 1)
a cake / some cake / some cakes (countable/uncountable 2)
a/an and the
a/an and the
the ...
go to work / go home / go to the cinema
I like music I hate exams (no article with general nouns)
the ... (names of places)

Quantifieurs

not + any · no · none
not + anybody/anyone/anything · nobody/no-one/nothing

Pronoms et déterminants

somebody/anything/nowhere etc.
someone · anything · nowhere

Quantifieurs

every and all
every and all
all · most · some · any · no/none
all · most · some · any · no · none
both either neither
both · either · neither
a lot much many
(a) little (a) few
a lot / much / many · (a) little / (a) few

Adjectifs et adverbes

quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs)
old / nice / interesting · quickly / badly / suddenly
old/older expensive / more expensive (comparative forms)
older than ... more expensive than ...
not as ... as
older (than) · the oldest · not as old as
the oldest the most expensive (superlatives)
enough
too (too big, too much, too many)
enough and too

Gérondif et infinitif

go to ... go on ... go for ... go -ing
get
do and make
have (have breakfast / have a shower / have a good time)
do · make · have

B1Intermédiaire96 leçons

Adjectifs et adverbes

Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored)
Adjectives: word order ("a nice new house"); adjectives after verbs (feel tired)
Adjectives and adverbs (1): quick/quickly
Adjectives and adverbs (2): good/well, fast/hard/late, hardly
So and such
Enough and too
Comparison (1): cheaper, more expensive
Comparison (2): much/far/a bit + comparative, the sooner the better, more and more
Comparison (3): as ... as / than
Superlatives: the longest, the most enjoyable

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

He speaks English very well. (word order 1)
always/usually/often etc. (word order 2)
Word order (1): verb + object; place and time
Word order (2): adverbs with the verb
Give me that book! Give it to me! (verbs with two objects)
word order
still yet already
Still, yet, anymore / any longer / no longer
and but or so because
and · but · or · so · because · when ...
When ... (when, before, after, while + clause)

Prépositions

at 8 o'clock / on Monday / in April (prepositions of time)
At / on / in (time)
from ... to / until / since / for
By and until; by the time ...
before / after / during / while
For, during, and while
at · until · before
in / at / on (places 1)
in at on (places 2)
In / at / on (position) (1)
In / at / on (position) (2)
to in at (places 3, movement vs position)
under, behind, opposite etc. (prepositions of position)
in · under · through
up, over, through etc. (prepositions of movement)
To, been to, into; by car / in my car
on at by with about
afraid of ... good at ... (adjective + preposition, preposition + -ing)
Adjective + preposition (1): afraid of, good at, interested in
good at (doing) · listen to
listen to ... look at ... (verb + preposition)
Verb + preposition (1): apologise for, care about, depend on

Phrasal verbs

go in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1)
put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2, separable)
go in, fall off, run away

Gérondif et infinitif

work/working go/going do/doing (verb + -ing or infinitive basics)
to ... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)
doing · do · to do
I want you to ... I told you to ...
I went to the shop to ... (infinitive of purpose)

Conditionnel et wish

If we go ... If you see ... etc. (first conditional and if in requests)
If I had ... If we went ... (second conditional)
if we go and if we went

Propositions relatives

a person who ... a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1)
the people we met / the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2: omitting the pronoun)
a person (who) ... · a thing (that/which) ...

La voix passive

is done was done (passive 1)
is being done / has been done (passive 2)
is done / was done and is being done / has been done (passive)

Questions et auxiliaires

Do you know where ... ? I don't know what ... etc. (embedded questions)
Do you know where ... ?

Discours rapporté

She said that ... He told me that ... (reported speech)
She said that ... · He told me that ...

Temps du présent

Present continuous (I am doing)
Simple present (I do)
Present continuous or simple present?
Have and have got

Temps du passé

Simple past (I did)
Past continuous (I was doing)
Used to (I used to do)

Le futur

Present tenses with a future meaning
Going to (I am going to do)
Will (1)
Will (2)
Will or going to?
I am doing / I am going to do / I'll do (future forms)

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

When and If sentences (When I do ... / If I do ...)

Present perfect

Present perfect (1)
Present perfect (2)
Present perfect (3)
Present perfect continuous (I have been doing)
Present perfect continuous or present perfect simple?
Present perfect with how long, for, since
Present perfect with how long; simple past with when
Present perfect or simple past?

Temps du passé

Past perfect (I had done)
Past perfect continuous (I had been doing)

Le futur

Will be doing and will have done (future continuous and future perfect)

Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs: how they work
Phrasal verbs with in and out
Phrasal verbs with on and off: continuing and stopping
Phrasal verbs with up and down

Adjectifs et adverbes

quite, pretty, rather and fairly

Prépositions

on time / in time, at the end / in the end
The preposition by

B2Intermédiaire supérieur58 leçons

Modaux et impératif

Can, could, and be able to
May and might (future)
Can, could, may, would: requests, permission, offers, invitations
Have to and must
Should (advice, should have done, I should think)

Conditionnel et wish

If sentences (present/future) (first conditional)
If and wish sentences (present) (second conditional, I wish I knew)
Would (habits in the past, refusals, hypothetical)

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

Although / though / even though; in spite of / despite
As (time) and as (reason)
As if / as though

Questions et auxiliaires

Questions (1)
Questions (2) (Do you know where...? / He asked me where...)
Auxiliary verbs in short answers: So/Neither am I etc.

Gérondif et infinitif

Verb + -ing (enjoy doing / mind doing / finish doing)
Verb + infinitive (decide to do, hope to do, offer to do)
Verb + object + infinitive (want somebody to do, tell somebody to do)
Infinitive or -ing? (1): like, would like
Infinitive or -ing? (2): begin, start, continue, remember, try

Adjectifs et adverbes

The infinitive after adjectives (easy to do, the first to arrive)

Gérondif et infinitif

Preposition + -ing (interested in doing, before doing, without doing)
Verb + preposition + -ing (think about doing, apologise for doing, insist on doing)
See someone do and see someone doing
-ing and -ed clauses ("the woman talking to Tom", "the man injured in the accident")

Noms et articles

Uncountable nouns (gold, music, advice)
Countable nouns with a/an and some
A/an and the
The (1)
The (2)
Plural and uncountable nouns with and without the
School / the school, prison / the prison
Geographical names with and without the
Names of streets, buildings etc. with and without the
Singular or plural? (news, police, jeans, two years is...)

Pronoms et déterminants

...'s (apostrophe s) and ... of ...
Reflexive pronouns (myself/yourself), by myself
A friend of mine, my own house

Quantifieurs

All / all of, no / none of, most / most of
Both / both of, neither / neither of, either / either of
Some and any; some/any + -one/-body/-thing/-where
No/none/any; no/any + -one/-body/-thing/-where
Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty
All, every, and whole

Prépositions

Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of)
Preposition + noun (by mistake, on television)
Adjective + preposition (2): sorry about/for, impressed by/with, fed up with
Verb + preposition (2): hear of/about/from, remind of/about, complain about
Verb + preposition (3): approve of, decide on, insist on, succeed in

Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs (get up, break down, fill in): separable and inseparable

Propositions relatives

Relative clauses (1): who/that/which
Relative clauses (2): with or without who/that
Relative clauses (3): whose, whom, where
Relative clauses (4): non-defining "extra information" clauses with commas

Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs with out: finishing and finding
Phrasal verbs with on and off: machines, clothes, events
Phrasal verbs with up: completing and increasing
Phrasal verbs with up: approaching and preparing
Phrasal verbs with away and back

C1Avancé103 leçons

Propositions relatives

Relative clauses (5): non-defining clauses with which/whose/of whom

Prépositions

Verb + object + preposition (1): accuse of, blame for, borrow from
Verb + object + preposition (2): provide with, spend on, thank for, translate into

Modaux et impératif

Could (do) and could have (done)
Must (have) and can't (have) (deduction)
May (have) and might (have)

Conditionnel et wish

If and wish sentences (past) (third conditional, I wish I had known)
In case
Unless, as long as, provided/providing (that)

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

Even (even if, even when, even though)
Like and as

La voix passive

Passive (1) (be done / have been done)
Passive (2) (present and past tenses)
Passive (3) (is being done, get done, being done)

Discours rapporté

Reported speech (1): statements and backshift

Questions et auxiliaires

Tag questions (are you? doesn't he?)

Gérondif et infinitif

Expressions + -ing (it's no use, it's worth, have difficulty)
Be/get used to something (I'm used to ...)
Infinitive of purpose + so that (I did it to ... / so that ...)

Modaux et impératif

Prefer and would rather

Temps du présent

Present continuous and present simple 1
Present continuous and present simple 2

Present perfect

Past simple and present perfect

Temps du passé

Past continuous and past simple
Past perfect and past simple

Present perfect

Present perfect continuous and present perfect

Temps du passé

Past perfect continuous, past perfect and past continuous
Present and past time: review

Le futur

Will and be going to
Present simple and present continuous for the future
Future continuous and future perfect (continuous)
Be to + infinitive; be about to + infinitive
Other ways of talking about the future

Modaux et impératif

Can, could, be able to and be allowed to
Will, would and used to
May and might
Must and have (got) to
Need(n't), don't need to and don't have to
Should, ought to and had better

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

Linking verbs: be, appear, seem; become, get, etc.

La voix passive

Forming passive sentences 1
Forming passive sentences 2: verb + -ing or to-infinitive
Using passives
Reporting with passives; It is said that...

Questions et auxiliaires

Wh-questions with who, whom, which, how and whose

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

Verbs, objects and complements
Verb + two objects

Gérondif et infinitif

Verb + -ing forms and infinitives 1
Verb + -ing forms and infinitives 2

Discours rapporté

Reporting people's words and thoughts
Reporting statements: that-clauses
Verb + wh-clause
Tense choice in reporting
Reporting offers, suggestions, orders, intentions, etc.
Modal verbs in reporting

Noms et articles

Agreement between subject and verb 1
Agreement between subject and verb 2
Agreement between subject and verb 3
Compound nouns and noun phrases
A/an and one
A / an, the and zero article 1
A / an, the and zero article 2
A / an, the and zero article 3

Quantifieurs

Some and any
No, none (of) and not any
Much (of), many (of), a lot of, lots (of), etc.
All (of), whole, every, each
Few, little, less, fewer

Propositions relatives

Relative pronouns
Other relative words: whose, when, whereby, etc.
Prepositions in relative clauses

Gérondif et infinitif

Participle clauses with adverbial meaning 1

Pronoms et déterminants

Reflexive pronouns: herself, himself, themselves, etc.
One and ones
So and not as substitutes for clauses, etc.

Adjectifs et adverbes

Position of adjectives
Gradable and non-gradable adjectives 1
Gradable and non-gradable adjectives 2
Participle adjectives and compound adjectives
Adjectives + to-infinitive, -ing, that-clause, wh-clause
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs: comparative and superlative forms
Comparative phrases and clauses
Position of adverbs 1
Position of adverbs 2
Adverbs of place, direction, indefinite frequency, and time
Degree adverbs and focus adverbs

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

Adverbial clauses of time
Giving reasons: as, because, etc.; for and with

Gérondif et infinitif

Purposes and results: in order to, so as to, etc.

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

Contrasts: although and though; even though / if; while, whilst and whereas

Conditionnel et wish

If 1
If 2
If... not and unless; if and whether; etc.

Prépositions

Prepositions of position and movement
Between and among
Prepositions of time
Prepositions after verbs
Prepositions after nouns

Phrasal verbs

Two- and three-word verbs: word order

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

There is, there was, etc.
It 1
It 2

C2Maîtrise23 leçons

Modaux et impératif

Subjunctive (I suggest you do)

La voix passive

It is said that... / He is said to... and supposed to
Have something done

Discours rapporté

Reported speech (2): questions, commands and when not to backshift

Modaux et impératif

Had better; It's time someone did something

Gérondif et infinitif

-ing clauses (Feeling tired, I went to bed early)

Le futur

The future seen from the past

Questions et auxiliaires

Negative questions; echo questions; questions with that-clauses

Discours rapporté

Reporting what people say using nouns and adjectives

Modaux et impératif

Should in that-clauses; the present subjunctive

Propositions relatives

Other ways of adding information to noun phrases 1: additional noun phrases, etc.
Other ways of adding information to noun phrases 2: prepositional phrases, etc.

Gérondif et infinitif

Participle clauses with adverbial meaning 2

Pronoms et déterminants

Do so; such
More on leaving out words after auxiliary verbs
Leaving out to-infinitives

Adjectifs et adverbes

Comment adverbs and viewpoint adverbs

Conditionnel et wish

If I were you ...; imagine he were to win

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

Connecting ideas in a sentence and between sentences

Prépositions

Talking about exceptions

Ordre des mots et conjonctions

Focusing: it-clauses and what-clauses
Inversion 1
Inversion 2

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